Thursday, January 17, 2008

In the Know #14

January 18, 2008


Dictionary.com's Word of the Day


stoic \STOH-ik\, noun:
1. (Capitalized). A member of a school of philosophy founded by Zeno holding that one should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and should submit without complaint to unavoidable necessity.
2. Hence, one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain, joy or grief.

adjective:
1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines.
2. Not affected by passion; being or appearing indifferent to pleasure or pain, joy or grief.


In the news:

- A British Airways flight from Beijing to London lands short of the runway (pictured) injuring 13. The cause of the crash is reported to have been a "total loss of power and avionics."

- The United Nations has appealed for $42 million to assist victims of Kenya violence.


Today in History, according to Wikipedia:

1778 - James Cook (pictured) is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands."

1896 - The x-ray machine is exhibited for the first time.

1903 - Theodore Roosevelt sends a radio message to King Edward VII of England, the first transatlantic radio transmission originating in the United States.

1967 - Albert DeSalvo, "The Boston Strangler", is convicted of numerous crimes and sentenced to life in prison.

1990 - Washington D.C. mayor, Marion Barry is arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting.


Today's Famous Births:

1689 - Charles Montesquieu, French writer

1779 - Peter Roget, British lexicographer

1782 - Daniel Webster, American statesman

1882 - A.A. Milne, English author, creator of Winnie the Pooh (pictured)

1904 - Cary Grant, American actor, North by Northwest

1950 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver

1955 - Kevin Costner, American actor

1961 - Mark Messier, Canadian hockey player, fifteen All-Star games

1971 - Jonathan Davis, American singer, KoRn

1980 - Julius Peppers, American football player, 3 Pro Bowls


Trivia
Today's Category - Clemson University


~ Thomas Green Clemson, the founder of Clemson University, came to the Foothills of South Carolina in 1838.

~ When Clemson died in 1886, he left most of his estate in his will to be used to establish a college to teach scientific agriculture and the mechanical arts.

~ In November 1889, Governor John Richardson signed a bill establishing Clemson Agricultural College.

~ Clemson was also originally a military institute.

~ There are 17,585 students enrolled at the university.

~ Cooper Library has over 1.5 million items.

~ Tillman Hall has 47 bells.

~ There are 194 wi-fi hot spots on campus.

~ Clemson (tiger paw pictured) covers a total of 17,000 acres.


I always wondered...
...how a fax machine works...


A fax machine is basically a scanner, a printer, a modem and a phone put together. When a document is placed into a fax machine, the scanner looks at the page one line at a time. It translates that line into 1728 separate bits of information. The bits of information either represent a black dot or a white dot. There are 1145 lines on a page in the standard setting of a fax machine (there are higher settings for finer resolutions). Therefore there are approximately 2,000,000 bits of information on a page. If there are large areas of black or white, the data can be compressed to relay that info, thus saving lots of time in faxing. The information is then sent via phone line to the receiving fax machine. That device then decodes, decompresses and reassembles the bits to duplicate the original document.

["How a fax machine works" reference: HowStuffWorks.com]
[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Wednesday, January 16, 2008

In the Know #13

January 17, 2008


Dictionary.com's Word of the Day


upbraid \uhp-BRAYD\, transitive verb:
To scold or criticize harshly.


In the news:

- President Bush ends his Middle East tour.

- A bus in Buttala, Sri Lanka exploded (pictured) killing at least 23 and wounding more than 60.

- The Bush Administration notified Congress on Monday of its intention to sell precision-guided bombs to Saudi Arabia.

- The Pentagon announces plans to send 3,200 additional marines to Afghanistan


Today in History, according to Wikipedia:

1781 - The Battle of Cowpens takes place during the Revolutionary War.

1819 - Republic of Colombia created by Simon Bolivar.

1916 - The Professional Golf Association is formed.

1917 - The United States buys the Virgin Islands from Denmark.

1929 - Popeye, the Sailor Man (pictured), created by E.C. Segar, first appears in Thimble Theater comic strip.

1945 - Nazis begin the evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp as Soviet forces close in.


Today's Famous Births:

1706 - Benjamin Franklin, American statesman, Poor Richard's Almanack

1899 - Al Capone (pictured), American gangster

1922 - Betty White, American actress, "The Golden Girls"

1928 - Vidal Sassoon, English cosmetologist

1931 - James Earl Jones, American actor, voice of Darth Vader in Star Wars saga and Field of Dreams

1933 - Shari Lewis, American ventriloquist, "Lamb Chop's Play-Along"

1942 - Muhammad Ali (pictured), American boxer, "The Greatest" a.k.a. Cassius Clay

1949 - Andy Kaufman, American comedian

1962 - Jim Carrey, Canadian comedian and actor, Dumb and Dumber and Ace Ventura

1970 - Jeremy Roenick, American hockey player, 9 time All-Star

1971 - Kid Rock, American singer, a.k.a. Robert Ritchie

1972 - Lil' Jon, American rapper and music producer

1982 - Dwayne Wade, American basketball player, 3 time All-Star


Trivia
Today's Category - per request...the human digestive system


~ The upper gastrointestinal tract (pictured) consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach.

~ The lower gastrointestinal tract consists of the intestines and the anus...yup, the anus.

~ The polite euphemism for "anus" has traditionally been "fundament."

~ Gastric acid has a pH of 1.4, but the stomach regulates the pH to keep it above 2.


I always wondered...
...how a stock exchange works...


Businesses listed on a stock exchange are equally divided into shares, which are publicly bought and sold. For example, a business worth #1 million might be divided into 10,000 shares worth $100 each. Each share represents a claim in the company. Whoever holds the majority of the stock has control of the company. Some companies pay money to each shareholder based on profits for a year. These payments are called dividends.

Stocks are traded at a stock market, or stock exchange, to centralize all trading so that buyers and sellers can go to one place. Rather than traveling all the way to the actual stock market, potential buyers and sellers contact stock brokers to do their business. When businesses publicize positive or negative news, the stock prices will fluctuate based on that news. Good news = more buying = higher prices. Bad news = more selling = lower prices.

There are two different ways a company can approach the stock market. They can either sell as an income stock or a growth stock. Income stocks pay dividends to shareholders. Growth stocks invest the money from share sales back into the company so that share prices continue to go up.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, Wall Street front pictured) is the largest such market in the world. As of December 31, 2006, the NYSE had a total capitalization of $25 trillion.

["How a stock exchange works" reference: HowStuffWorks.com]
[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Monday, January 14, 2008

In the Know #12

January 16, 2008


Dictionary.com's Word of the Day


nonagenarian \non-uh-juh-NAIR-ee-uhn; no-nuh-\, noun:
A ninety year old person; someone whose age is in the nineties.


In the news yesterday:

- NASA's Messenger probe (pictured) flies by Mercury, the first spacecraft to do so in thirty-three years.

- The murderer and rapist of Marine Lance Corporal Maria Lauterbach, Corporal Cesar Armando Laurean, is believed by authorities to have fled to Mexico.

- 2008 Presidential primary in Michigan results: GOP, Mitt Romney; Dem, Hillary Clinton (Note: neither John Edwards nor Barack Obama took place in the Michigan primary due to the violation of party rules in moving the Michigan primary to January 15)


Today in History, according to Wikipedia:

27 B.C. - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman State.

1547 - Ivan the Terrible becomes Tsar of Russia.

1556 - Phillip II becomes King of Spain.

1991 - The first sorties of Operation Desert Storm begin.

2003 - Space Shuttle Columbia (pictured) takes off for the last time. It would disintegrate upon reentry on February 1.


Today's Famous Births:

1821 - John C. Breckinridge, 14th Vice President of the United States, Civil War Confederate General

1901 - Frank Zamboni, American inventor, you guessed it...the Zamboni ice resurfacer

1902 - Eric Liddell (pictured), Scottish runner and missionary to China, ever heard of Chariots of Fire...yeah, that's him

1935 - A.J. Foyt, American race car driver and team owner

1948 - John Carpenter, American director, Halloween

1959 - Sade Adu, Nigerian-born singer

1969 - Roy Jones, Jr., American boxer, former Light Heavyweight and Heavyweight champion of the world.

1974 - Kate Moss, English model

1979 - Aaliyah Haughton, American R&B singer, "Are You That Somebody?"

1980 - Albert Pujols, American baseball player, six-time All Star


Trivia
Today's Category - Alaska!


~ In 1867, William H Seward - U.S. Secretary of State - engineered the purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

~ Alaska (flag pictured) became an American territory on May 11, 1912.

~ On January 3, 1959, Alaska became the 49th state.

~ In 2006, Alaska had an estimated population of 670,053, making it the state with the third lowest population (#1-Wyoming and #2-New Hampshire).

~ Alaska has no state sales tax (some local governments do levy sales taxes) nor does it have a personal income tax.


I always wondered...
...how black holes work...sort of...


A black hole (artist's impression pictured) is what remains when a massive star dies. A star is a giant fusion reactor and because of this is always on the verge of exploding and it would explode were it not for its massive size which gives it an extraordinary gravitational field. However, when a stars fusion fuel runs out, it collapses and becomes very dense causing an explosion (supernova) of material and radiation leaving the supermassive core. The core is so massive that even light cannot escape it.

The core of the black hole is called the singularity and the edge of the hole from which nothing can escape is called the event horizon. A rotating black hole, the most common in nature, has a surround called the ergosphere. The ergosphere is basically space distorted by the spin of the black hole. Not all matter that enters the ergosphere will enter the black hole, but the event horizon is still the point of no return.

One simple way that we detect black holes is by noticing gravitational lenses. Gravitational lenses are points in space that by our observance bend light toward them by intense gravitational forces. Other ways of observing black holes is by detecting strong x-rays or by noting jets of ejected materials from a point in space which seem to be caused by black holes.

["How black holes work" reference: HowStuffWorks.com]
[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Sunday, January 13, 2008

In the Know #11

January 15, 2008


Word of the Day from Dictionary.com:

inculcate \in-KUHL-kayt; IN-kuhl-kayt\, transitive verb:
To teach and impress by frequent repetition or instruction.


Today in history, according to Wikipedia:

588 B.C. - Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, lays siege to Jerusalem. The siege lasted until July 18, 586 B.C.

1559 - Elizabeth I is crowned in Westminster Abbey.

1777 - New Connecticut (Vermont) declares its independence.

1844 - The University of Notre Dame receives its charter from the state of Indiana.

1892 - James Naismith (pictured) publishes the rules of basketball.

1943 - The Pentagon is dedicated in Arlington, Virginia.

1967 - Super Bowl I, Green Bay Packers - 35:10 - Kansas City Chiefs.

2001 - Wikipedia goes online


Today's Famous Births:

1622 - Moliere (pictured), French playwright, Tartuffe

1902 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia

1929 - Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights leader, Nobel Peace Prize winner

1948 - Ronnie Van Zant, American singer, Lynyrd Skynyrd


Trivia:
Today's category - The World Cup


~ The first World Cup took place in 1930 in Uruguay.

~ Uruguay defeated Argentina 4-2 to win the first World Cup.

~ Brazil has the most World Cup Championships with five, Italy has four titles and Germany has three.

~ The next World Cup tournament is set for June through 11 July 11, 2010.

~ The World Cup trophy (pictured) is 36.6 cm tall and is made of 5 kg of 18 carat gold.


I always wondered...
...how GPS works...


The Global Positioning System is a network of 24 satellites that connect with the GPS receivers that are so commonplace today. The orbits of the satellites are arranged so that at any time at least four of them are "visible" from any place on earth. The GPS receiver (pictured) calculates the exact location of the device by using 3-D trilateration, a process of geometry using four satellites at a time to pinpoint the location of the device. The receiver must know the location of at least three satellites and the respective distances to each of those satellites. The GPS receiver has an almanac which tells it where each satellite will be at any time.

Current GPS receiver models can tell you how far you've traveled on a trip, time traveling, current speed, average speed and ETA at current speed. The receivers can also leave a "bread crumb" trail showing the exact path that you have traveled.

["how GPS works" reference: HowStuffWorks.com]
[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Crazy vid

Don't make Andy Roddick mad. Absolute insanity! Video of the greatest tennis serve ever...

...or a Powerade ad. If anyone could do it, it would be Roddick. He has a 155 mph world record serve.

In the Know #10

January 14, 2008


Word of the Day from Dictionary.com:

primogeniture \pry-moh-JEN-ih-choor\, noun:
1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.
2. (Law) An exclusive right of inheritance that belongs to the eldest son.


Today in history, according to Wikipedia:

1501 - Martin Luther, 17, enters the University of Erfurt.

1973 - The Miami Dolphins (1966-1973 logo pictured) defeat the Washington Redskins to win Super Bowl VII and become the first NFL team to go undefeated in a season.

1994 - U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin Accords.

2000 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches a record high of 11,750.28 and closes at 11,722.98.


Today's Famous Births:

83 B.C. - Marcus Antonius - Mark Antony - Roman politician

1741 - Benedict Arnold (pictured), American general notorious of treason

1875 - Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian (German/French) physician and theologian

1919 - Andy Rooney, American journalist

1932 - Don "Big Daddy" Garlits, American race car driver known as the father of drag racing

1948 - Carl Weathers, American actor, Apollo Creed from Rocky

1953 - "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, American wrestler, HOOO!!!!

1963 - Steven Soderbergh, American director, Ocean's 11, 12 and 13

1964 - Shepherd Smith, American news anchor, The Fox Report and Studio B on FOX News

1968 - LL Cool J, American rapper and actor, "Mama Said Knock You Out"

1969 - Dave Grohl, American musician, Nirvana and Foo Fighters

1979 - John Reuben, American hip-hop artist, "What are you dippity doing?"


Trivia:
Today's category - Hubble Telescope


~ Hubble telescope (pictured) is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble.

~ Hubble telescope was launched April 24, 1990.

~ Hubble has taken pictures of the most distant galaxies ever photographed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field.

~ Hubble has five scientific instruments on board: the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement, the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The telescope's guidance system can also be used for astrometry.

~ The first images taken were blurry due to spherical aberration, a 1993 mission fixed the problem (pictured are photos from before and after the fix).

~ Three service missions have been sent to Hubble to fix issues and replace instruments.

~ A fourth service mission is set for September 2008 to replace some of the current instruments.


I always wondered...
...how solar cells work...


Solar cells (pictured) use the photovoltaic effect to produce electricity. Light absorbing materials - such as silicon, cadmium telluride and other more rare compounds - are utilized to capture photons which knock electrons from the molecules. The electrons flowing through the material create electricity, which is captured and fed to an inverter to change the DC power to AC so that the power is usable in home applications.

The total solar energy available to the earth is approximately 3850 zettajoules (3.850*10^24 joules) per year. Worldwide energy consumption in 2004 for the entire world was 0.471 zettajoules (4.71*10^20 joules). In other words, solar energy could potentially produce over 8,000 times the world's energy needs (3.850*10^24/4.71*10^20=8.17*10^3). Note: Wind can theoretically supply 6 zettajoules of energy per year (almost 13 times the world's consumption).

[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Friday, January 11, 2008

Sweet Beats #1

Sweet Beats:
1-1-6 Clique pronounced "one one six"

Flow Masters (Members):
Lecrae
Tedashii
Trip-Lee
Json
Thi'sl
and Sho


Representing:
Dallas, TX

Making it happen:
Reach Records

Latest Sounds:
Amped (Rock remixes) - released August 2007
13 Letters - released May 2007


The Message:
116 Clique's message is simple: live every day for Christ in every area of your life.

The Hook:
Play the Clique's music beside the mainstream likes of Soulja Boy and T-Payne and the styles match, but the difference is evident in the lyrics. Rarely does anything but Christ come out in the lyrics they spit.
And...
Each member of 116 has at least one hot solo album.

Thursday, January 10, 2008

In the Know #9

January 13, 2008


Word of the Day from Dictionary.com:

supplicate \SUP-luh-kayt\, intransitive verb:
1. To make a humble and earnest petition; to pray humbly.

transitive verb:
1. To seek or ask for humbly and earnestly.
2. To make a humble petition to; to beseech.



Today in history, according to Wikipedia:

1733 - James Oglethorpe (pictured) and 130 colonists arrive in Charleston, South Carolina

1939 - The Church of England accepts the theory of evolution

1942 - The United States begins the internment of Japanese-Americans

1957 - Wham-O Company produces the first frisbee

1964 - Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) appointed archbishop of Krakow, Poland


Today's Famous Births:

1808 - Salmon P. Chase (pictured), 6th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

1957 - Mark O'Meara, American golfer, winner of two major championships

1961 - Julia Louis-Dreyfus, American actress, Seinfeld

1977 - Orlando Bloom, English actor, Pirates of the Caribbean and Lord of the Rings


Trivia:
Today's category - Cheesecake


~ The basic cheesecake simply contains eggs, cream and cream cheese.

~ Some cheesecake styles contain ricotta, Havarti (Danish), quark (German) or other cheeses.

~ The first recorded mention of cheesecake was during the ancient Grecian Olympics.

~ The first Cheesecake Factory opened in Beverly Hills, California in 1978.


I always wondered...
...how the BCS works...


The Bowl Championship Series was started in 1998. It is a mathematical and human ranking system used to calculate the top teams in the country. Ten teams are selected each year to play in BCS bowl games. The five games are the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans, Louisiana, the Fiesta Bowl in Glendale, Arizona, the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, and the BCS Championship Game which is played in a different arena each year.

The top two teams earn berths by having the best scores in the BCS system. Several other teams earn berths by winning their respective conference tournaments. The ACC, Big 12, Big East, Big Ten, PAC Ten and SEC tourney champs each get an automatic berth. Generally this will leave four teams to fill in the other spots. They are chosen from non-BCS conference champions, Notre Dame (if Notre Dame is ranked 8th or higher it is given an automatic berth) and other teams in the top fourteen and having at least nine wins.

The ranking system is comprised of three factors, each using Borda counts (number 1 gets 25 points, number 2 gets 24 points, number 3 get 23 points, and so on) to come up with figures: (1) The Harris Interactive College Poll, which is comprised of former players, coaches, administrators and current and former media members who submit votes for the top 25 teams each week, the scores are totaled and then converted to a percentage, (2) coaches' poll, which is also totaled and changed to a percentage and (3) computer average, which utilizes 6 different ranking systems, the highest and lowest rankings for each team are dropped and the rest are added, which would make the highest possible score 100. The two human polls are weighted twice as much as the computer scores. The three factors are averaged together to give a final percentage, the highest of which is the #1 team in the BCS standings.

[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

In the Know #8

January 12, 2008


Word of the Day from Dictionary.com:

raillery \RAY-luh-ree\, noun:
1. Good-humored banter or teasing.
2. An instance of good-humored teasing; a jest.


Today in history, according to Wikipedia:

1908 - The Rocky Mountain National Park (pictured) is formed by an act of U.S. Congress.

1932 - Hattie W. Caraway becomes the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate.

1966 - Lyndon B. Johnson states the the U.S. should stay in South Vietnam until Communist aggression there is ended.

1991 - An act of the U.S. Congress authorizes the use of military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwait.


Today's Famous Births:

1876 - Jack London, American writer, The Call of the Wild and White Fang

1893 - Hermann Goring (pictured), Nazi official, second in command of the Third Reich, commander of the Luftwaffe, commanded Manfred von Richthofen's ("The Red Baron") division

1930 - Tim Horton, Canadian hockey player, co-founder of Tim Horton's

1944 - Joe Frazier, American boxer, 1964 Olympic heavyweight gold medal, Heavyweight Champion of the world (1971-73)

1951 - Rush Limbaugh, American radio personality and political commentator

1960 - Dominique Wilkins, American basketball player, "The Human Highlight Film", 9-time NBA All-star

1970 - Zack de la Rocha, American singer, Rage Against the Machine

1978 - Jeremy Camp, American musician, "I Still Believe" and "'This Man"


Trivia:
Today's category - Skyscrapers


~ A loose convention in the United States and Europe states that a building must be 500 feet (150 m) tall to be considered a skyscraper.

~ Taipei 101 is the tallest skyscraper at 1473.75 feet tall (1670.6 feet to the spire)

~ Taipei 101 is named so because of its 101 floors.

~ Upon completion, Burj Dubai ("Dubai Tower", pictured) will be the tallest skyscraper in the world.

~ Burj Dubai will be 2,111 feet tall (2684 feet to the spire)

~ Finished in 1931, the Empire State Building stands at 1250 feet tall (1472 feet to the spire) and is still listed in the top ten tallest skyscrapers in the world.


I always wondered...
...how curling is played...


The game of curling is thought to have originated in Scotland during the late Middle Ages. Records from a monastery dating to 1541 reference a contest using stones on ice. A curling stone was found at the bottom of a lake with the year 1511 inscribed on it. The first American curling club was instituted in 1831 at Orchard Lake, Michigan. Curling has been an official Winter Olympic sport since 1998.

The curling sheet (playing surface, pictured below) is an area of ice 146 feet long by 14 feet 2 inches to 16 feet 5 inches wide. The surface of the ice has tiny bumps called pebbles, which are created by spraying water droplets onto the ice. The pebbles give the stones their spin, or curl.

A 12 foot wide set of concentric rings, called the house, is painted on each end of the sheet. The center of the house - known as the button - is marked by the juncture of two lines: the center line drawn lengthwise and the tee line drawn 16 feet from the backline. 37 feet from the backline and parallel to it, two more lines - called the hoglines - are drawn.

The rings surrounding the button are designated as the four-foot, the eight-foot and the twelve-foot rings. The rings are used merely to judge which stones are nearer to the button. Any stone outside of the twelve-foot ring is not "in the house" and cannot score. Twelve feet behind the button is the hackline, where the footholds (hacks), are located.

There are four players per team, practically named for their order of play: the first, second, third and fourth. The fourth is generally the team's skip, or captain. The skip calls the strategy for the team. Each player throws (delivers) two stones while two other teammates sweep the ice to speed up or slow down the stone. The skip does not sweep for the throws, instead he calls the shot for the curlers and awaits the stones at the opposite end so that he can sweep opposing teams stones if they are hit.

The stone (pictured) is round with a handle on top and weighs 44 lb (20 kg). The maximum allowable dimensions are 36 inches in circumference and 4.5 inches in height.

There are ten ends - complete rounds of 16 throws - to a game. Players release the stones prior to reaching the hogline and either tries to place their stones (with help of the sweepers) as close to the button as possible or tries to hit the other teams stones out of the house, called a take-out or tap.

The last stone of an end is called the hammer and gives the advantage of an easier score. If no points are scored in an end, it is called blank. If no team scores, the hammer stays with the same team, so a skip will often call for a blank if he thinks he can only score one point. Additionally, curlers may throw guard stones in front of the tee line to keep the opposing team from nearing the button.

FYI: The U.S. Olympic curling team won the first curling medal for the United States at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Italy. They took home the bronze.

[All references from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]

Wednesday, January 09, 2008

In the Know #7

January 11, 2008


Word of the Day from Dictionary.com:

imprimatur \im-prih-MAH-tur; -MAY-\, noun:
1. Official license or approval to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; especially, such a license issued by the Roman Catholic episcopal authority.
2. Approval; sanction.
3. A mark of approval or distinction.


Today in history, according to Wikipedia:

1759 - The first American life insurance company is incorporated in Philadelphia.

1949 - First recorded snowfall in Los Angeles (pictured).

1964 - United States Surgeon General Dr. Luther Leonidas Terry publishes a report that smoking may be hazardous to health, the first such statement made by the U.S. government.

1972 - East Pakistan renames itself Bangladesh.

2001 - The Federal Trade Commission approves the merger of AOL and Time Warner.


Today's Famous Births:

1775 - Alexander Hamilton (pictured), first United States Secretary of the Treasury

1923 - Carroll Shelby, American race car driver and automobile designer

1946 - John Piper, American theologian

1946 - Naomi Judd, American singer

1971 - Mary J. Blige, American singer


Trivia:
Today's category - Samurai


~ Samurai (pictured) were aristocratic warrior nobility.

~ The rise of the samurai came during the 12th century wars between the Taira and Minamoto clans.

~ At one time, samurai had the right to cut down anyone who offended them.

~ Masterless samurai were known as ronin.

~ Samurai comes from the Japanese verb meaning "to serve".

~ Ronin means "drifting person".


I always wondered...
...about the Presidential line of succession...


The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 established the list of representatives who would succeed to the Presidency upon the incapacity, death, resignation or removal of the President.

The list is as follows:
1 - Vice-President/President of the Senate: Dick Cheney
2 - Speaker of the House of Representatives: Nancy Pelosi
3 - President Pro Tempore of the Senate: Robert Byrd (pictured)
4 - Secretary of State: Condoleezza Rice
5 - Secretary of the Treasury: Henry Paulson
6 - Secretary of Defense: Robert Gates
7 - Attorney General: Michael Mukasey
8 - Secretary of the Interior: Dirk Kempthorne
9 - Secretary of Agriculture: Charles Conner (acting)
10 - Secretary of Commerce: Carlos Gutierrez (non-natural)
11 - Secretary of Labor: Elaine Chao (non-natural)
12 - Secretary of Health and Human Services: Michael Leavitt
13 - Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Alphonso Jackson
14 - Secretary of Transportation: Mary Peters
15 - Secretary of Energy: Samuel Bodman
16 - Secretary of Education: Margaret Spellings
17 - Secretary of Veterans Affairs: James Peake
18 - Secretary of Homeland Security (newly added in 2006): Michael Chertoff

- Non-natural-born citizens are ineligible to succeed to the Presidency.
- Any office-holder not approved by the Senate ("acting") is ineligible to succeed to the Presidency.

[Reference "samurai": education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/samurai] [References from Wikipedia.org unless otherwise noted]